Аңдатпа
Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to improve the accuracy and efficiency of quarry condition monitoring in areas with complex geological structures and increased geotechnical risks. The use of various types of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) makes it possible to obtain detailed digital models of a quarry and the adjacent rock mass required for slope stability assessment and improving the safety of mining operations. The purpose of the research. The purpose of the study is to develop and test a methodology for obtaining digital models of a quarry and the adjacent rock mass using various types of unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as to create a unified horizontal and vertical survey network based on GNSS measurements for accurate spatial referencing of all data. Research methods and materials. The Chiganak barite deposit was selected as the object of the study. Two types of UAVs were used: the VolJet X8Geo airplane UAV for building a general digital model of the quarry, and the DJI Mavic 2 Pro multicopter for detailed aerial photography of the adjacent rock mass. The spatial framework was formed using GNSS measurements in the PPP and PPK modes, while photogrammetric processing was carried out in Agisoft Metashape with the generation of point clouds, orthophotoplans, digital terrain models, and 3D models. Research results. As a result, two digital models with different levels of detail were obtained. The general digital model of the quarry provided reconstruction of the geometry of ledges, horizons, and design contours, and was also used as the basis for slope stability calculations in Rocscience Slide2. The detailed model of the adjacent rock mass made it possible to visualize cracks 10 cm or longer, determine their length, fall direction, and fall angle, and identify zones of increased fracturing and potential instability. Discussion of research results. The discussion shows that the division of tasks between the two types of UAVs was methodologically justified: the airplane UAV is effective for covering the entire quarry and solving engineering and geometric tasks, whereas the multicopter provides ultra-detailed aerial photography of local adjacent rock mass zones. This approach makes it possible to simultaneously solve the tasks of geometric analysis, structural interpretation, and preparation of input data for the geomechanical assessment of slope stability. Conclusion. Two-level aerial photography using various types of UAVs is an effective tool for creating digital models of quarries under complex geological conditions. The methodology provides high-accuracy spatial referencing, sufficient detail, and practical suitability of the results for engineering analysis and slope stability monitoring. Conclusions. The integrated use of UAVs, GNSS, and photogrammetric processing makes it possible to obtain a reliable digital basis for assessing the condition of the quarry and the adjacent rock mass. The developed methodology has practical significance for improving the safety of mining operations and can be recommended for application at other mining sites with similar conditions.