Аңдатпа
The gut microbiome of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) is a structurally stable, evolutionarily specialized microbial consortium composed of a limited number of core bacterial taxa, including Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Snodgrassella alvi, and Gilliamella apicola. In recent years, host-associated microbial communities have attracted increasing scientific attention as reservoirs of biologically active compounds with therapeutic and biotechnological relevance. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge regarding the taxonomic composition, functional organization, and metabolic capabilities of the honeybee gut microbiome, and critically evaluates its potential as a source of pharmabiotics. Literature was sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, with emphasis on studies published between 2010 and 2024. Particular emphasis is placed on the production of bioactive metabolites - including short-chain organic acids, bacteriocins, exopolysaccharides, antioxidant molecules, and immune-stimulatory components - which contribute to colonization resistance, pathogen inhibition, immune regulation, and maintenance of epithelial integrity. Advances in genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses have revealed pronounced functional specialization and strain-level diversification among honeybee-associated symbionts, supporting their prospective applicability across medicine, veterinary science, cosmetology, and sustainable agriculture. Notably, several honeybee-associated strains have demonstrated in vitro antimicrobial activity against clinically relevant pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant species, underscoring their translational potential. The long-term co-evolutionary relationship between these microorganisms and their host implies a biologically compatible and potentially favorable safety profile relative to opportunistic environmental bacteria - a key consideration for pharmabiotic development. Collectively, current evidence indicates that the honeybee gut microbiome constitutes a promising and substantially underexplored reservoir of next-generation pharmabiotic candidates. Further interdisciplinary investigation integrating microbiology, biotechnology, pharmacology, and systems biology is warranted to translate these findings into applied therapeutic and agricultural strategies.