Аңдатпа
The study identified barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties with high resistance and adaptability to saline soils in Kazakhstan’s Aral Sea region from 2021 to 2024. Six varieties were analyzed: Altyn Arai, Bi-41, Inkar, Syr Aruy, ICARDA-52, and Odessa 100. The collection nursery identified the most salt-tolerant genotypes showing high early-stage viability. The hybrid nursery confirmed crossbreeding value, with selected hybrids demonstrating improved resistance over original forms. In breeding nurseries SP-1 and SP-2, early-maturing forms (SP-1) showed advantages under limited moisture, while mid-maturing lines (SP-2) exhibited balanced yield and stress resistance. The study found that the selected barley varieties exhibited stable yields across 4 years, with yields ranging from 3.7 to 4.2 t ha−1. The control nursery (CN) confirmed stability of promising samples, identifying Altyn Arai, Bi-41, and Inkar as the most productive and stable varieties. Altyn Arai produced highest yield (4.2 t ha−1), followed by Inkar and Bi-41 producing 4.1 and 4.0 t ha−1, respectively, surpassing the control by 20%. Bi-41 and Altyn Arai maintained production and salinity tolerance over the years. Selected cultivars were highly adaptable to extensive introduction in saline soils. Breeding trials selected genotypes with strong salt tolerance and stable agronomic traits. Osmotic stress-resistant varieties with excellent productivity under stress had the greatest adaptability potential. The morphophysiological characteristics of barley were strongly affected by growing circumstances, suggesting stepwise nursery selection for consistent yields in saline soils. This study conducted field tests over several years to assess barley varieties’ salty soil adaptability.