Аңдатпа
Currently, the economic development of society must be environmentally safe and energy-independent. Modern energy, based on non-renewable energy resources, acts as a catalyst for energy crises and requires substantial modernization. At the same time, energy based on renewable energy sources is developing rapidly, with an annual increase in capacity, and has already become an independent sector of the energy industry - renewable energy. The need for energy in modern society determines the necessity of extracting and transforming primary energy, which is understood as untransformed energy in the form of reserves of fossil sources (coal, oil, natural gas, uranium); as well as the constantly existing renewable energy flows in the environment (solar radiation, heat from the Earth's interior, water energy, wind energy, and so on). The use of energy represents a series of transitions from valuable energy (with high exergy) to progressively less valuable forms, until at the end of the chain we are left with thermal energy at ambient temperature. This paper examines the possibilities of achieving economic growth that ensures stability and contributes to improving the socio-economic well-being of the population.