Аңдатпа
This article is devoted to a comprehensive linguistic analysis of Kazakh-language business contracts from the perspective of pragmalinguistics, speech act typology, and discourse analysis. The empirical basis of the study comprises a corpus of 25 official contracts concluded in Kazakhstan between 2015 and 2023. These documents cover a wide range of business interactions – from goods supply and service agreements to cooperation protocols and international contracts. The materials were collected from open governmental and commercial sources, as well as provided by partner organizations. The object of analysis is the texts of Kazakh-language contracts operating within the framework of official-business and institutional discourse. The subject of the study includes speech acts realized in these texts, their pragmatic functions, typology, and characteristic linguistic means. The research aims to identify the specifics of implementing directive, commissive, and declarative speech acts in the Kazakh business language. By applying the methods of pragmalinguistics, discourse analysis, and corpus-based research, the author identifies stable linguistic strategies aimed at regulating the behavior of parties, fixing obligations, and expressing legally significant intentions. It is established that directive acts are mainly expressed through modal constructions, commissive acts — via verbs of obligation and commitment, and declarative acts – through volitional and normative forms. Special attention is paid to the linguistic means of expressing performativity, obligatoriness, and normativity in Kazakh contract discourse. The results of the analysis allow us to speak of the formation of a pragmatic model of Kazakh-language contract discourse, which combines universal features of legal communication with national and linguistic specificity. This model ensures a high degree of formalization, precision, and legal validity of institutional interaction.