Аңдатпа
Information technology, particularly through its use for ideological purposes, is an issue that is becoming increasingly important amid digital transformation and geopolitical change. This study uses a comparative framework to analyze how information technology influences both the internal and external policies of states by examining the impact of information technologies on political processes and ideological strategies in the United States, China, Kazakhstan, and selected EU member states (Germany, France, and Poland). Using comparative and content analysis, as well as the historical logical method, we assess how digital technologies shape political ideology and systems of social governance over time. Systematized international practices and national approaches to the use of information technologies are compared, focusing on their role in shaping ideological narratives. Findings show that China and Kazakhstan use digital technologies to reinforce state control through censorship, social media monitoring, and the dissemination of propaganda via fake accounts. In the United States, policy efforts emphasize cybersecurity, labeling inaccurate content, and regulating digital platforms during election campaigns. In the European Union, legislative measures have been actively developed to regulate online content, combat disinformation, promote platform transparency, and support anti disinformation platforms and independent fact checking initiatives. Across all cases, the use of social media to influence historical memory and political attitudes has become a widespread trend. The practical significance of this research lies in its recommendations for enhancing public policy in the areas of digital regulation, media literacy, and countering disinformation.