Аңдатпа
The article is devoted to a comprehensive archaeological study of Kazakh kystau – winter camps that played a key role in the traditional settlement system and the socio-economic organization of the nomadic and semi-nomadic population of Northern Saryarka in the 18th–19th centuries. Using the example of the sedentary sites Bozok II and Tazhygul I, II, located in the Akmola Region, the study examines the morphological characteristics of the residential and economic complex, the specifics of architectural and planning solutions, construction technologies, as well as the stratigraphic structure and material-cultural content of the investigated objects. The analysis of the obtained data allows for the reconstruction of the population’s adaptability to the region’s natural and landscape conditions, the identification of typological features of dwellings and utility structures, and the tracing of transformations in the traditional way of life under the influence of socio-economic and environmental factors. Special attention is given to interpreting the winter settlements as structural elements of the spatial-economic model of a semi-nomadic society, functioning not only as seasonal camps but also as centers of local economy, craft production, and resource accumulation. The research expands the understanding of settlement forms and the economic-cultural practices of Kazakh society in the modern period.