Psychometric Validation of the Kazakh Version of the 9-Item European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale

Elvira Valiyeva, Zhenisgul Sh. Tlegenova, Bekbolat Zholdin, К К Токбаева, Alma Akhmetova, Zhainagul Ailadyrova, Asylraushan Sagindykova, Akbota Kurmalaeva, Gulnara L. Kurmanalina

Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan, 2026

Толық мәтін Ашық қол жеткізу: Gold Метадеректер (CSL-JSON)
DOI 10.23950/jcmk/17720
Деректер сенімділігі 70 орташа
Бұл баға қалай есептеледі

Ол жазбаның өзінің тексерілетін белгілерінен құралады: мақаланың DOI-і бар ма, оның деректерін қанша тәуелсіз дереккөз растады, міндетті өрістер толтырылған ба және соңғы растау қаншалықты жаңа. Дереккөздер арасындағы алшақтық пен идентификатордың болмауы бағаны төмендетеді. 80-нен бастап мән жазбаның қосымша тексерусіз жарияланғанын, 60-тан 79-ға дейін — оның сенімділігі төмен күйде жарияланғанын және қолмен тексеру ұсынылатынын білдіреді. Редактор қолмен тексерген жазбаны қайта есептеу 90-нан төмен түсірмейді. Бұл — мақаланың өзіне емес, ол туралы деректерімізге берілген баға.

Аңдатпа

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) remains a leading global health challenge, with high hospitalization and mortality rates. Beyond pharmacological and device-based treatment, patient self-care is essential. The European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale (EHFScBS-9) is widely used to assess self-care, but no validated Kazakh version exists. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and psychometrically validate the EHFScBS-9 in patients with chronic HF. Methods: Translation followed the Brislin model with three independent forward translations, focus group review, and back-translation by a professional translator unfamiliar with the original instrument. The back-translation was reviewed and approved by the author of the scale, Professor T. Jaarsma (Linköping University, Sweden). A total of 78 patients with chronic HF hospitalized in the cardiology department between December 2024 and June 2025 were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were cognitive impairment (Mini-Cog <3) and non-Kazakh speakers. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Participants completed both the Kazakh EHFScBS-9 and the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). Diagnosis and management of HF were performed in accordance with the clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha, construct validity by factor analysis, and discriminant validity by Spearman’s correlation with the KCCQ. Results: mean age of participants was 64.5 years (28–88), with 63.3% males. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 40.3 ± 7.2%. The average EHFScBS-9 score was 25.9 ± 9.1, while the mean KCCQ score was 51.6 ± 14.6. The Kazakh EHFScBS-9 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.82). Factor analysis supported the scale’s construct validity. A moderate negative correlation with the KCCQ (r = -0.47; p < 0.001) confirmed discriminant validity. Conclusion: The Kazakh version of the EHFScBS-9 is reliable and valid for assessing self-care in patients with chronic HF, making it suitable for clinical practice and research in Kazakhstan.