Аңдатпа
Background: Venous malformations represent congenital slow-flow vascular anomalies accounting for 45–60% of all vascular malformations. They arise from developmental defects of venous channels and are frequently associated with chronic pain, swelling, cosmetic deformity, and functional limitations. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis included 40 patients with venous malformations treated at the A.N. Syzganov National Scientific Center of Surgery (2019–2024). Patients underwent two ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy sessions and were assigned to bleomycin (n = 20) or ethoxysclerol (n = 20). Outcomes included lesion-volume reduction on magnite resonance / ultrasound and changes in EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS scores. Results: Mean venous malformations volume reduction after two sessions was 32.2 ± 10.1% with bleomycin and 29.6 ± 12.3% with ethoxysclerol (p = 0.42). EQ-5D-5L improved by +0.20 and +0.16, respectively (p = 0.40). Although baseline EQ-VAS was higher in the ethoxysclerol group, the gain was greater with bleomycin (+13.2 vs. +7.5; p = 0.06). No severe complications were registered; mild reactions occurred in 27.5%. Predictors of ≥50% regression were baseline lesion volume < 35 cm³ (OR = 2.8; p = 0.02) and body mass index < 27 kg/m² (OR = 2.3; p = 0.04). Conclusion: Both sclerosants are effective and safe for treating venous malformations. Bleomycin showed a trend toward greater subjective improvement and fewer additional procedures. Personalized agent selection should consider lesion volume, body mass index, and individual clinical features.