Аңдатпа
The article examines the impact of translations on the formation of interpretative distortions in written sources concerning women’s high-framed headdresses of the Ulus Jochi period. It is noted that a significant portion of archaeological and textual materials of the Golden Horde has entered scholarly circulation through Russian translations of European sources without reference to the originals. This approach generates observer effects, survivorship-related distortions, and terminological inaccuracies, which become established in the historiographical tradition as “proven facts.” The study analyzes the influence of translator and researcher subjectivity on text interpretation and emphasizes the need to consult original sources and conduct cross-linguistic comparisons. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that modern reconstructions of Golden Horde material culture largely rely on translations, creating a risk of consolidating distorted representations. The aim is to identify and analyze the main mechanisms of interpretative distortions and to propose methodological recommendations to minimize them. The research tasks include analyzing translation practices, identifying types of distortions, and assessing the influence of researcher subjectivity. The results contribute to improving the accuracy of historical and cultural reconstructions, minimizing interpretative distortions when working with translated and secondary sources, and emphasizing methodological responsibility in studying medieval written sources.