Аңдатпа
Psychological counseling in inclusive practice is a variant of conseling psychology and psychotherapy. It represents direct work with an individual, aimed at solving interpersonal and intrapersonal, educational and work / professional human problems by means of a consultative / psychotherapeutic conversation. Counseling and pcychotherapy in inclusive practice assumes a special type and is a special way of organizing interpersonal interaction in dialogical form. The psychologist is inseparable from his / her interlocutor; therefore, the research of counseling and psychotherapy in inclusive practice is closely related and suggests the need to study the specifics of the psychologist's interpersonal relations with the client, both in comparison with ordinary forms of inclusive interaction, and in other forms of professional communication (pedagogical, medical, etc.). The purpose of the study is to investigate psychotherapeutic relations in inclusive psychological counseling. The theoretical method of the research is the theoretical investigation of the psychotherapeutic relations in inclusive psychological counseling. It is very interesting to develop the problems of mutual understanding between the psychologist and the client in inclusive and other types of counseling and psychotherapy practices. In the works of M.R. Arpentieva, F.E. Vasilyuk, G.A. Kovalev, A.F. Kopiev, B.M. Masterov, A.B. Orlov, T.A. Florenskaya, A.U. Kharash, and many other domestic scientists shows that there are several main ways of building mutual understanding associated with the organization of joint (reflection) research of what is happening in the client's life inside and outside the counseling and psychotherapeutic situation. Different strategies (explaining, interpreting and dialogizing) and components (self-understanding, understanding another, understanding the situation) of understanding are more or less characteristic of a particular person, client, consultant, supervisor, and their environment. Using different strategies and addressing different components leads to a unique pattern of human relationships. In inclusive practice, aspects of "semantic exchange" become obvious: the consultant and the client draw each other's attention to areas of understanding that are inherent in them and important for a full understanding of what is happening. Very often this or that sphere of reality remains closed for the client: he does not understand it because he has never explored as a result of the fact that this sphere was “banned”, ignored by his family members and other environment, or simply did not know about it. The consultant expands and deepens the client's understanding by introducing new meanings or new "voices" into the dialogue. The client, enriching his world with new meanings, gets the opportunity for more successful coping and sometimes healing. An important aspect of working with people with disabilities and their families is taking into account the technological features of work and the special importance of value-semantic aspects: the dialogue "smooths out" and resolves problems that are inaccessible to the traditional "expert-diagnostic", bureaucratized medical or social models. The psychologist, as a guide and facilitator, as an interlocutor, creates the conditions for dialogue, an invitation to which the client can respond if he /she needs dialogue and help and feels that he /she can receive such help. But even in a state of disbelief and despair, dialgue helps to establish internal connections, and, after that, to increase external opportunities, to remove the primary and secondary restrictions on the life of a person with a disability and / or his (her) loved ones. Among the leading skills and knowledge of a specialist, it is necessary to indicate the skills of understanding, acceptance, authenticity as transparency, congruence as harmony, concreteness as objectivity, appeal and personification, awareness / reflexivity.