Аңдатпа
Abstract This article presents studies on improving the working element of a chopper for chopping frozen root crops. Chopping frozen root crops is accompanied by large efforts of compression, crushing, cutting or repeated chopping of the product. This study is aimed at solving the problem of direct chopping of frozen root crops before feeding and reducing the time for this chopping process. Analysis of existing designs of root crop choppers, by the cutting method and by the working elements used, made it possible to determine a promising direction for improving the working element of a chopper for frozen root crops. Based on the results of the analysis of the conducted studies, an improved design of the chopper working element was proposed in the form of a spring-loaded flat knife operating on the principle of chopping and sliding cutting. The flat knife operates on the principle of chopping and acts along the entire contact line. After penetrating the surface of the frozen root crop, the knife splits the icycarcass, then the movements of the flat knife become difficult and the working element, overcoming the resistance of the spring, cuts the hard-viscous layer with an inclined sliding cut. Sliding cutting will be carried out by changing the angle of the knife. The angle of the knife will change depending on the spring stiffness. For the spring-loading effect, the knife design provides a torsion spring with a torsion stiffness of 2.04 to 8.42 Nm / rad. The research results showed that the spring-loaded knife cuts the frozen root crop with a minimum value of specific work at a spring stiffness in the range from 5 to 7 Nm / rad. The minimum cutting force of the spring-loaded knife is ensured at a cutting speed of v = 4.5–5.5 m / s