Аңдатпа
This paper presents the research and development results of circularly polarised antennas used in radio frequency identification (RFID) systems. Such antennas play a crucial role in improving reliability, orientation independence and reading range of RFID systems in industry, transport and logistics. The frequency range under consideration is 860-900 MHz (UHF), which is widely used for passive RFID technologies due to its favorable propagation characteristics and compatibility with international standards. A printed antenna from FEIG ELECTRONIC GmbH (Germany) was used as a reference for the developed antenna. This paper presents the results of a similar antenna but without the use of a symmetry transformer. The elimination of this component reduces the overall design complexity, improves manufacturability and minimizes manufacturing cost, making the design more suitable for mass deployment. The printed dipole was developed on a 1.6 mm thick FR4 substrate with a relative dielectric constant of 4.3 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.02. The dimensions of the developed printed dipole correspond to 332 mm × 34 mm × 1.6 mm. The printed dipole and the overall design of the developed RFID antenna were pre-simulated in the software environment “CST Studio Suite”, which allows accurate simulation of the electromagnetic behavior. This modelling step was necessary to optimize the input matching, radiation efficiency and circular polarization characteristics. The frequency of the designed antenna was 868 MHz (|S11| < -10 dB). and the radiated power was measured to be -11.7 dBm. The layout of the printed dipole was designed using Altium Designer software. The prototype assembly proceeded following model-based and electromagnetic simulation techniques. A Spectrum Rider FPH spectrum analyzer conducted test measurements which supported the theoretical prediction results. The proposed framework demonstrates great promise as an inexpensive solution with high detection efficiency for modern RFID systems operating in diverse conditions.