Аңдатпа
Achieving high crop yields in agriculture depends largely on the quality of seeds and planting materials. Seed-borne infections reduce germination capacity and overall plant productivity, highlighting the need for treatments that combine growth-stimulating and fungicidal properties. This study aimed to evaluate the stimulant and antifungal effects of aqueous solutions of dithiocarbamates on wheat and barley seeds, identify optimal concentrations, and assess their impact on seed quality and pathogenic microflora. Results and Discussion. Seeds of wheat and barley were treated with five dithiocarbamate-containing preparations at concentrations of 0.001%, 0.01%, and 0.1%. Germination energy, laboratory germination, seedling growth intensity, microbial activity, and percentage of infected seeds were assessed. At a concentration of 0.001%, wheat seeds treated with Preparations 1 and 3-5 showed high germination rates (94.0-96.6%), although infection levels varied (6.0-27.3%). In barley, Preparations 2-5 demonstrated significant stimulation of germination (93.0-98.0%) and reduced seed infection to 8.0-22.0%. The most pronounced antifungal activity in barley was observed for Preparations 1 and 3, reducing infection to 10.0-12.0% and 9.0-11.3%, respectively, compared to 77.3% in the control. In wheat, Preparations 3 and 5 effectively reduced infection rates to 10.6-19.0% and 6.0- 16.0%, respectively. Conclusion. The results suggest that dithiocarbamate-containing preparations can enhance seed viability while limiting pathogen development. Two compounds were most effective: Preparation 5 (sodium benzylmethylcarbamodithioate) for wheat and Preparation 3 (sodium dibenzylcarbamodithioate) for barley. These findings support their potential use as dual-action seed treatments in cereal crop production.