Аңдатпа
Macular edema is a symptom of various retinal disorders involving the accumulation of fluid in the central part of the retina (macula), which is essential for central vision. It can result from wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, myopic choroidal neovascularization, IrvineGass syndrome, and inflammatory retinal diseases. Treatment depends on etiology and may include topical therapy, laser, surgery, or anti-VEGF agents that inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor activity. Methods: This prospective interventional study aimed to assess the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept (2 mg) in macular edema of different origins, considering comorbidities and demographic variables. Thirty patients (31 eyes) were treated between January 2020 and December 2022 at KazNMU. Functional outcomes were evaluated via bestcorrected visual acuity (BCVA), and anatomical outcomes through central macular thickness (CMT) measured by SD-OCT. Results: Mean BCVA improved from 0.15 ± 0.16 to 0.27 ± 0.22 (p=0.034), while CMT decreased from 397.8 ± 132.1 µm to 249.03 ± 26.48 µm (p<0.0001). The most pronounced therapeutic response was seen in diabetic macular edema and wet AMD. Discussion: Aflibercept showed significant functional and anatomical efficacy, particularly in DME and AMD. Reduced efficacy in myopic CNV may reflect irreversible retinal changes. The PRN regimen was well tolerated and applicable to real-world clinical settings. Study limitations include small sample size and single-center design. Conclusion: Aflibercept is an effective therapeutic option for various forms of macular edema, especially in cases of diabetic retinopathy and wet AMD.