Аңдатпа
The article considers the main contradiction identified in the Periodic Table of Mendeleev: the discrepancy between the results of the calculation according to the already known formula and the internal structure of the periodic table of D. I. Mendeleev, that is, the maximum number of electrons calculated according to the known formula does not correspond to the number of elements in the corresponding period. An alternative approach to constructing periods of Mendeleev's Periodic Table is proposed. The new structure of periods of the Mendeleev table will not be complete without its accompanying question, which does not find a solution, in particular, it is necessary to look for an equation that allows you to calculate the total number of electrons in the outer electronic shells of atoms in periods. The article presents a new equation and the arguments for its derivation. In order to explain the existence of completely identical periods in the Mendeleev table, it is proposed to introduce a new quantum number for the purpose of their theoretical description, which will be in addition to the four existing quantum numbers. It is proposed to designate the new quantum number as the "first" and "second" quantum states corresponding to the periods of the second, fourth, sixth and third, fifth, seventh old Mendeleev table.The new formula, first proposed for the outer electronic shells of atoms of chemical elements and quantum states, makes it possible to systematize the understanding of the order in which the electronic levels in the atoms of the elements are filled. The materials presented in the article confirm this. The following description of the order of formation of electronic shells is proposed: first the main quantum number (n), then the newly proposed quantum states ("first" and "second"), which, in turn, form the electronic configurations of the sub-periods in the periods, and then the remaining quantum orbitals (s, p, d and f).