Аңдатпа
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the preconditions for the formation of the Evangeli-cal Christian Baptist movement, its historical and theological foundations. It examines the social, philo-sophical, and religious-theological factors that influenced the emergence of this movement. In particular, the philosophical and social ideas of religious groups such as reformers, Anabaptists, Puritans, and Con-gregationalists, which impacted the development of the views of the Baptist movement’s founder, John Smith, are explored. The article also analyzes Smith’s positions regarding the ethics and personal quali-ties of believers, as well as the significance of the baptismal rite. The formation of Protestant religious schools in Europe during the Renaissance period after the Reformation, their humanistic ideas, and theo-logical characteristics are discussed. The political changes and the importance of key documents such as the ‘Declaration of Faith’ during the spread of Baptism in England are described. The success of the Baptist movement in missionary work and the role of the ‘Philadelphia Association’ laws in the United States are analyzed. The reasons behind the evolutionary growth in the number of Baptists are examined. The missionary activities of Evangelical Christian Baptists prior to Kazakhstan, their denominations, and divisions into different directions are considered, along with a comparative analysis of their local features and connection to general religious texts. As a result of the research, the historical, social, and religious foundations of Baptism are systematically outlined, and its global and regional development character-istics are revealed. The research is valuable for analyzing the reasons behind the registration and non-registration of the studied direction in our country, as well as the church’s stance on state power.