Аңдатпа
The article is a review of studies on morphometric, hydrochemical and ecological characteristics of small lakes, including their classification, natural diversity and significance in a changing climate. Small lakes are an important component of the country's ecosystems, playing a key role in maintaining biodiversity and ecological functions. The purpose of this study is to investigate morphometric and hydrochemical characteristics of small lakes in the Esil water basin, their classification and assessment of their ecological status under changing climate conditions. The work has significant scientific and practical significance: the collected data allow to assess the impact of anthropogenic and natural factors on the water bodies ecosystems, which is important for their rational use and protection. The research methodology included remote sensing data analysis, field observations, hydrophysical and hydrochemical measurements, classification of lakes by morphometric characteristics. Results showed that most small lakes in the basin have small area and depth, low water clarity, and moderate salinity levels, reflecting the influence of both freshwater feeding and evaporation processes. Chemical analyses revealed considerable variation in water composition, which is related to the geologic and climatic conditions of the region. Lakes located at 100-400 m elevation have high biological activity, as evidenced by high oxygen content and low CO₂ levels. The study value lies in the creation of morphometric and hydrochemical characteristics database, which allows monitoring changes in aquatic ecosystems. The practical significance of the work is related to the development of strategies for sustainable nature use and water resources management under climate change.